CARIBBEAN-Communique

GEORGETOWN, Guyana, CMC – The following is the full text of the communique issued on Friday, following the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) summit held in Barbados, February 19-21, 2025

“The Forty-Eighth Regular Meeting of the Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) was held in Barbados from 19 -21 February 2025 under the chairmanship of the Honourable Mia Amor Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados.

Members of the Conference in attendance were: Honourable Gaston Browne, Prime Minister of Antigua and Barbuda; Honourable Philip Davis, Prime Minister of The Bahamas; Honourable Mia Amor Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados; Honourable Roosevelt Skerrit, Prime Minister of Dominica; Honourable Dickon Mitchell, Prime Minister of Grenada; His Excellency Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali, President of Guyana; His Excellency Laurent Saint-Cyr, Councillor-President, Member of the Transitional Presidential Council, Haiti; Dr the Most Honourable Andrew Holness, Prime Minister of Jamaica; Honourable Reuben Meade, Premier of Montserrat; Honourable Philip Pierre, Prime Minister of Saint Lucia; Honourable Terrance Drew, Prime Minister, St Kitts and Nevis; Dr the Honourable Ralph Gonsalves, Prime Minister of St Vincent and the Grenadines; His Excellency Chandrikapersad Santokhi, President of Suriname; and Dr the Honourable Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago.

Associate Members in attendance were: Honourable E David Burt, Premier of Bermuda; Honourable Julian Fraser, Deputy Premier of the British Virgin Islands; Honourable Juliana O’ Connor-Connolly, Premier of the Cayman Islands, and Mr Djurick Comenentia, Secretary-General, Ministry of General Affairs and Foreign Relations, Curaçao.

OPENING CEREMONY

The Opening Ceremony was held at the Lloyd Erskine Sandiford Centre in Bridgetown. It featured remarks by community leaders and guests and community items from several Barbadian performers. CARICOM Youth Ambassador Ms Ashley Lashley presented welcome comments.

In her remarks, CARICOM Secretary General Dr Carla Barnett pointed to the need for renewed and expanded partnerships and collaboration as CARICOM seeks to grapple with existing and emerging uncertainties. “If we are to counter and surmount the combined effects of adverse developments decisively, we must redouble collective efforts, pool our combined wisdom, and act based on our fundamental principles,” she said.

Prime Minister of Grenada and Outgoing Chair, Honourable Dickon Mitchell, noted that after Hurricane Beryl’s passage, Grenada had rebounded more determined to advocate on climate issues. He also said CARICOM’s history of collective action, including the sovereignty of the State of Palestine and the former apartheid regime of South Africa. “We must not de-emphasize the role of our unity and advocacy,” he observed. The Prime Minister also recalled the urgent need to advance the issue of reparatory justice.

Special Guests, H.E. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, and

H.E. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, also pointed to the Region’s unity in advocacy for necessary bold and decisive actions, especially given the changing global political realities.

The new Chair, Prime Minister Mia Amor Mottley, said that given shifting global priorities, it cannot be ‘business as usual.’ She urged her colleagues, the heads of Government, to “find common ground and common purpose” to ensure that CARICOM can hold the center as things fall apart, “recognizing that we will always be stronger together.”

As a newly elected Head of Government, the Honourable Reuben Meade, Premier of Montserrat, also addressed the gathering, urging the Region to act decisively and with unity of purpose.

ENGAGEMENTS WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANISATIONS

H.E. Antonio Guterres, Secretary-General of the United Nations, spoke to the Region’s triple climate change, security, and finance priorities. He congratulated the Heads of Government on their unified advocacy and bold initiatives, including the Bridgetown Initiative and the Antigua and Barbuda Agenda for Small Island Developing States (SIDS). On security, he noted his intention to present proposals to the UN Security Council to support stability and security and address the root causes of the crisis in Haiti.

The heads of Government thanked him for his ongoing engagement and partnership with the Region, including advocacy for climate justice and support for the Multidimensional Vulnerability Index (MVI). They urged attention to operationalizing the Loss and Damage Fund to address climate change and reforming the international financial architecture to reflect the unique needs of Small Island Developing States.

Heads of Government welcomed the frank exchange with the UN Secretary-General on several areas of concern to the Region, particularly the worsening Haiti situation. They support the recommendations discussed with the UN SG that a UN Security Council-supported mechanism that is responsive to the situation on the ground must be found. They also underscored the urgency of deploying such a mechanism.

Dr. Kenny Anthony, former Prime Minister of Saint Lucia and coordinator of the CARICOM-appointed Eminent Persons Group (EPG), emphasized the need for urgent action regarding Haiti, especially in light of the anticipated holding of general elections.

H.E. Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission, highlighted areas of common interest, including multilateralism, maintaining peace and territorial integrity, conflict resolution, climate change, and renewable energy solutions.

The Conference thanked the President for the Commission’s long-standing partnership with the Region. Heads of Government noted that the EU’s pledge to fulfill the need for renewable energy was significant and would revolutionize the Region’s economies. They detailed the hydro, solar, wind, and geothermal potential of the Community. Other possiblCommunityf cooperation include the mobilizing of resources to support the return of peace and stability to Haiti, advocacy for reparatory justice, climate, and biodiversity initiatives, transportation in the context of food security, technology, renewable energy, opportunities for the private sector, sargassum processing, and scholarships for students.

Heads of Government expressed concern at the ongoing unilateral, arbitrary, and non-transparent blocklisting strategy employed by the European Union (EU) against CARICOM Member States, particularly those alleged to be non-cooperative tax jurisdictions and deficient in addressing Anti-Money Laundering/Countering the Financing of Terrorism (AML/CFT).

They also expressed concern with Europe’s stance on Investment Immigration Programmes in some Member States.

The EC President indicated her willingness to facilitate an address by the CARICOM Chair to the European Parliament on several issues, including blocklisting and dialogue on Investment Immigration Programmes, reparations, and sharing satellite capacity. She also expressed willingness to support further discussions on the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) in the context of CARICOM’s trade with the EU.

The President expressed gratitude for the feedback on the EU’s Global Gateway initiative and noted its potential to move CARICOM’s sargassum project from preparation to implementation. She committed to having the Commissioner responsible for the Global Gateway initiative meet with Member States to ensure concrete programs were delivered.

She also recommended that the Region explore the Green Bonds market and expressed her willingness to support that process.

On her final official exchange with the Conference of Heads of Government, the Rt. Hon. Baroness Patricia Scotland, KC, Secretary-General of the Commonwealth, thanked them for their support over her nine-year tenure. The Chair expressed their appreciation for her collaboration and their wishes for her continued success.

ENGAGEMENTS WITH FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS

Professor Benedict Oramah, President of Afreximbank, reiterated the Bank’s commitment to a transatlantic partnership underpinned by trade, investment, and economic cooperation. Twelve CARICOM Member States are now Participating States of the Bank, and Afreximbank’s CARICOM Regional Office has been opened in Bridgetown.

The Bank’s interventions have supported CARICOM economies in hospitality, academia, sports, oil and gas, and trade sectors. The President reported that the Bank had approved an investment of some USD 180 million to develop the Afreximbank Africa Trade Centre (AATC), which will host the Bank’s offices, a tech incubation hub, an SME incubation facility, a digital trade services center, and a hotel and conference facility.

A Grant Agreement to support the Development and Establishment of the Growth, Resilience, and Sustainability Facility (GRSF) was signed between Afreximbank and the Caribbean Development Fund CDF in the presence of the Conference.

Mr Sergio Díaz-Granados, Executive President of the Development Bank of Latin America and the Caribbean (CAF), outlined the support given by CAF to the Region to date. This includes close to USD 9 million in grant funding and USD 363 million in project approvals, including those pertaining to water rehabilitation, resilient roads and schools, digital transformation, and green energy.

CAF has also earmarked USD 2 million for a CARICOM facility to promote economic and social development in areas such as tourism and culture, infrastructure and sustainability, climate, and humanitarian assistance.

Mr. Daniel Best, the new President of the Caribbean Development Bank, shared his vision for a rebirth of the Bank, which focused on unlocking finance that would allow CARICOM Member States to innovate, transform, and thrive. His focus areas include support to expand inter-regional and intra-regional trade, improve production processes to meet regional and international quality standards, modernize port infrastructure, incorporate climate-smart technologies, enhance transportation corridors, and increase market access.

Hon. Adel bin Ahmed Al Jubeir, Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Cabinet Minister, and Climate Envoy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, underscored the Kingdom’s ongoing interest in the Region. He reported that close to USD 1 billion worth of Saudi Arabian projects are in the Region. Other possible areas of cooperation include establishing a CARICOM facility in Saudi Arabia, scholarships for students, digitalization, and investments through a newly established investment company.

The Conference commended the rapid increase in Saudi Arabia’s regional investment.

SIGNING OF AGREEMENTS TOWARD ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP

The Agreement on Martinique’s accession to the Community as an AssociatCommunitywas signed by the Honourable Mia Amor Mottley, Prime Minister of Barbados and CARICOM Chair, and the Honourable Serge Letchimy, President of the Executive Council of Martinique, in anticipation of the French Parliament ratifying the Protocol on Privileges and Immunities.

France also signed an agreement to submit the Protocol on Privileges and Immunities to the French Parliament for ratification. Mr Thani Mohamed Soihili, Minister Delegate for Francophonie and International Partnerships of France, and the CARICOM Chair were the signatories to the agreement.

The French Parliament’s ratification of the Protocol will be the final step in making Martinique an Associate Member of CARICOM.

CARICOM SINGLE MARKET AND ECONOMY (CSME)

The Conference noted the issues the Prime Ministerial Sub-Committee considered on the CSME. They agreed to amend the Revised Treaty to simplify the process of changing the rules of origin to quickly respond to the needs of Member States.

Concerning the free movement of people, the Conference agreed that the Member States that have not yet done so should sign and ratify the Protocol on Enhanced Cooperation by 31 March to enable Member States willing to move ahead with free movement to do so by 1 June 2025.

The heads of Government also agreed that implementing an entire Free Movement would include minimum guarantees for primary and secondary education and emergency and primary health care.

They further agreed to establish an Open-Ended Working Group of Foreign Ministers to be chaired by Trinidad and Tobago and including Antigua and Barbuda, Barbados, Guyana, Jamaica, and St. Vincent and the Grenadines, to address mutual recognition of driver’s licenses; development of insurance products to cover vehicles in multiple countries; and harmonization of customs and phytosanitary regulations for the movement of goods across the Region to facilitate the movement of people and goods throughout the Region by way of maritime transport.

GEOPOLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS

The heads of Government discussed current geopolitical developments. They agreed that the Community should manage its market access with key trading partners, strengthen internal trade arrangements, and further diversify its external trade arrangements.

CRIME AND VIOLENCE

Heads of Government agreed to intensify efforts at a holistic, region-wide approach to addressing crime and violence as a public health issue that includes mental health interventions and support systems, in particular for children affected by violence, at-risk youth, and violence and systemic failure endured by women. Heads of Government were also of the view that some of the actions of gangs and transnational crimes went beyond simply “crime” but must be designated as acts of terror. Accordingly, there should be a review of the legislation to see how this phenomenon may be more appropriately addressed.

Heads of Government agreed to appoint Mr. Godfrey Smith, former Attorney General of Belize, as a High-Level Representative on Law and Criminal Justice, whose terms of reference would be to design and lead the implementation of a Strategic Plan to improve and modernize Criminal Justice Delivery Services across the Community.

They noted that the Cityhird Symposium on Crime and Violence as a Public Health Issue is to be held in St Kitts and Nevis in 2025.

FOOD AND NUTRITION SECURITY

The Conference noted the continued hard work of the Special Ministerial Task Force on Food Production and Food Security and the achievements of the 25 by 2025 Initiative. They agreed to extend the initiative to 2030 to expand participation among stakeholders in the Region, increase regional agricultural insurance product uptake, provide more significant investment support from the regional private sector, and remove barriers to regional trade in farm products.

They noted the continued adverse effects of climate change on agricultural production.

The Lead Head of Government on Agriculture, H.E. Dr Irfaan Ali, outlined five projects to support increased food and nutrition security across the Region and reported on an investment of USD 14 million in a regional food hub in Guyana.

CLIMATE CHANGE AND CLIMATE FINANCE

The heads of Government received a report on the Region’s engagements at the United Nations Conference of the Parties (COP 29) held in Azerbaijan in November 2024. The report noted that while the capacity constraints of Small Island Developing States were acknowledged, there was little progress on mobilizing finance and no decisions to satisfy priorities for Global Stock Take (GST) implementation.

They noted the importance of coordinated and strategic efforts to reinforce regional priorities during these engagements, especially in the lead-up to COP 30, which will be held in Brazil from 10 to 21 November 2025.

ECONOMIC ISSUES

The heads of Government agreed to strengthen cooperation and continue to enhance bilateral and multilateral relationships with third countries to advance the Community’s interests. They also agreed with Communitycus’ efforts to raise the level of investment to foster innovation, move quickly to build out the regional capital market and finalize the revised Industrial Policy.

They noted that the CARICOM Private Sector Organisation (CPSO) will undertake a study on the proposed regional stock exchange.

ENGAGEMENT WITH THE MINISTER OF INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT, CANADA

In his engagement with Heads of Government, the Honourable Ahmed Hussen, Minister of International Development of Canada, announced $38 million in new funding for initiatives in several Member States. These include humanitarian assistance funding for Haiti, bio-diversity governance innovation, recovery and reconstruction efforts in the Caribbean following Hurricane Beryl, inclusive governance, reproductive education, adolescent community health, and support to women-led businesses.

Heads of Government appreciated Minister Hussein for Canada’s ongoing support of the Region.

ENGAGEMENT WITH THE SANDALS GROUP

Heads of Government noted the significant contribution of the Sandals Group to the development of the tourism sector in the Region. They accepted the offer of the Executive Chairman of the Sandals Group to allow the hotel chain to serve as a laboratory for the practice of tourism in the Region. Given the importance of coordinating and strengthening the training of workers within the Regional hospitality industry, Heads of Government agreed to the need for a meeting between Sandals University and all regional hospitality training Institutes;

They agreed that the Secretariat and the CPSO would systematically study the Region’s linkages between tourism, agriculture, manufacturing, entertainment, and cultural sectors. The analysis should identify the twenty most important products used by the tourism sector from each other to facilitate more and better regional production of these products.

They requested that the Sandals Group, the Caribbean Hotel Association, and the CPSO discuss the ‘greening ‘and digitalization of the tourism industry and provide an update by the Forty-Ninth Meeting of the Conference.

ENGAGEMENT WITH YOUTH

Dean of the CARICOM Youth Ambassadors Vanessa Burke of the Cayman Islands addressed Heads of Government on issues of concern to the Region’s youth, including Mental Health. She acknowledged the positive initiatives of the CARICOM mental health survey and mental health first-aid training implemented in the Region. She advocated for more forums and opportunities for young people to share ideas, concerns, and aspirations freely.

The Conference reiterated its commitment to the ongoing inclusion of youth.

ENGAGEMENT WITH BUSINESSES

In a side event, Heads of Government received presentations from Silicon Valley enterprises associated with Celesta Capital, a venture capital fund. The presentations outlined various opportunities for access to various software and technologies presented by Celesta Capital and for Caribbean investment in the fields of medical technology, artificial intelligence, and data privacy and sovereignty.

BORDER ISSUES

Belize – Guatemala and Belize – Honduras

The heads of Government received an update on Belize—Guatemala and Belize—Honduras cases before the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and commended the Parties for seeking a peaceful resolution to all legal claims against Belize’s land and insular territories and any maritime areas pertaining to those territories. They called on all Parties to abide by and implement the ICJ decision when delivered.

The heads of Government reiterated the importance of Belize, Guatemala, and the Organisation of American States (OAS)continuing to fully implement the existing Confidence-Building Measures. They also reiterated their call for both countries and the OAS to finally fulfill their commitment to design a mechanism of cooperation for the Sarstoon River and maritime spaces.

They appreciated the OAS’s role in accompanying the process and called on the international Community to increase support for the OAS Office in the Adjacency Zone.

Heads of Government reaffirmed their steadfast support for Belize’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and security.

Guyana / Venezuela

Heads of Government received an update on developments concerning the Guyana/Venezuela controversy. They noted with grave concern both the statements made by the President of the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela and the Chairman of the National Electoral Council of Venezuela on 27 January 2025, declaring their intention to conduct elections in the Essequibo region of Guyana on 27 April 2025 for a “Governor” and “Legislative Council” of the so-called “Guayana Esequiba State,” which Venezuela illegally purported to “annex” last year.

Heads of Government underscored that the convening of any such elections in Guyana’s territory would be contrary to general principles of international law, the United Nations Charter, the 1 December 2023 Order of the International Court of Justice, and the agreements reached in the Joint Declaration of Argyle for Dialogue and Peace between Guyana and Venezuela. They urged Venezuela not to attempt to carry out elections or to intrude in any other way in Guyana’s sovereign territory.

Heads of Government condemned the attack on 17 February 2025, perpetrated by an armed group of men from Venezuela on members of the Guyana Defence Force (GDF) while they were carrying out their lawful business along the Guyana/ Venezuela border.

Heads of Government welcomed Venezuela’s submission of its counter-memorial on 8 April 2024 on the merits of the case regarding the validity of the 1899 Arbitral Award that had determined the boundary between British Guiana and Venezuela and Guyana’s submission of the Reply on 9 December 2024. They encouraged Venezuela to submit its Rejoinder, the final written pleading in the case, on 8 August 2025, in compliance with the Court’s scheduling Order.

They reiterated and underscored their unequivocal and unwavering support for the maintenance of Guyana’s sovereignty and territorial integrity and for the judicial process before the Court as the means for resolving the controversy peacefully, finally, and in accordance with international law.

HAITI

Heads of Government agreed to continue CARICOM’s Good Offices through the efforts of the Eminent Persons Group (EPG) to engage with Haitian stakeholders as they seek to address the crises in that Member State.

CANDIDATURES

The heads of Government reaffirmed CARICOM’s unanimous support for His Excellency Albert Ramdin, Minister of Foreign Affairs, International Business and International Cooperation of the Republic of Suriname, as the candidate for the post of Secretary-General of the Organisation of American States.

They also expressed their support for the candidacy of Dr. Muhammad Ibrahim of Guyana for the position of Director General of the Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA) at elections in November 2025.

REPARATIONS

Heads of Government agreed to take advantage of the valuable opportunities for advocacy and public engagement presented by the observance of a Second International Decade for People of African Descent (2025-2034); the bicentenary of the imposition of the independence ransom on Haiti in 1825; and the declaration by the African Union of 2025 as the year for “Justice for Africans and People of African Descent Through Reparations.”

They also agreed to strengthen collaboration with the UN Permanent Forum on People of African Descent, the UN Working Group of Experts on People of African Descent, and other relevant human rights bodies in the United Nations system to ensure tangible outcomes from the Second International Decade for People of African Descent, especially regarding reparatory justice and the human rights, well-being, and development of people of African descent.

APPOINTMENT OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE CARIBBEAN COURT OF JUSTICE (CCJ)

The heads of Government confirmed the appointment of the Honourable Mr Justice Winston Anderson as President of the Caribbean Court of Justice.

They conveyed their appreciation to the outgoing President, the Honourable Mr Justice Adrian Saunders, for his sterling service to the Region.

UPDATE FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF THE WEST INDIES ON INDIGENISATION

Heads of Government agreed to the recommendations in a report from the Vice Chancellor of the University of the West Indies, which requested approval for the creation and adoption of an intergovernmental treaty that will replace the Royal Charter, which currently forms the constituent instrument establishing the University of the West Indies.

All contributing countries to the University will sign and ratify this treaty.

GOVERNANCE AND FINANCE OF THE COMMUNITY

Heads of Government reinforced the critical importance of the regional integration movement to survival as Caribbean states. They noted that functional cooperation integral to the regional movement allows Member States to benefit individually from regional institutions that they might not be able to afford or to staff.

They agreed to commission a paper to examine how to improve CARICOM Governance and articulate a set of Governance Arrangements to deepen functional cooperation and ensure that CARICOM remains suited to current times. The paper will also look at ways to finance regional institutions through automatic payments.

EDUCATION IN THE REGION

The heads of Government received a presentation on parents’ concerns about the Caribbean Examinations Council’s examination administration. They requested that the relevant parties meet urgently with the representatives of the parents’ association to address those concerns.

They also agreed to establish a CARICOM Education Transformation Commission to address education in the Region.

The Conference also welcomed the Government of Guyana’s initiative to establish the Guyana Digital School to serve the digital learning needs of students in Guyana and especially welcomed the offer of access to the School for students across the Region.

Caribbean Future Skills Fund

Heads of Government welcomed and endorsed the creation of a Caribbean Future Skills Fund, designed to serve as a catalyst for technical and vocational education and training (TVET) and broader capacity development efforts across the Region, particularly in digital learning and transformation.

WEST INDIES CRICKET

The heads of Government expressed their deep gratitude to the Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, Dr the Honourable Keith Rowley, for his stewardship of the Prime Ministerial Subcommittee on Cricket and his efforts to reinvigorate West Indies cricket. They endorsed the recommendation for H.E. Dr Mohamed Irfaan Ali, President of Guyana, to assume the chairmanship of the Subcommittee.

Heads of Government expressed concern that partisan political conduct by the administrators of Cricket West Indies could adversely affect regional cricket. Such actions are not condoned by the International Cricket Council (ICC) and could put the CWI at odds with the ICC’s procedures and regulations.

GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE ISLANDS SUMMIT 2025, BASSETERRE, SAINT KITTS AND NEVIS

Prime Minister Drew invited colleagues and heads to participate in this summit, which was held in St Kitts and Nevis from 27 -29 May 2025 to advance discussions on innovative solutions for sustainable island development, including renewable energy, climate resilience, and sustainable practices.

CARIFESTA XV

The Government of Barbados will host CARIFESTA XV from 22 to 31 August 2025 under the theme “Caribbean Roots—Global Excellence.” The event will incorporate new technologies and promise a diverse and engaging offering of performing, visual, literary, and culinary arts through symposia, community events, creative industries, business networking, super concerts, and legacy projects.

The Chair invited Heads to ensure participation to showcase the Community’s culture.

AFCommunity’sCommunity’s (AU) – CARICOM SUMMIT

Heads of Government noted that the Honourable Abiy Ahmed, Ethiopia’s Prime Minister, has agreed to host the Second AU-CARICOM Summit on 7 September 2025 at the Adwa Convention Centre in Addis Ababa.

APPRECIATION

The heads of Government expressed their gratitude to the Government and People of Barbados for their excellent hospitality and courtesies as the host of the Meeting.

They also paid tribute to Dr. the Honourable Keith Rowley, Prime Minister of Trinidad and Tobago, who was attending his last CARICOM Heads of Government Meeting.

DATE AND VENUE OF NEXT REGULAR MEETING

The heads of Government accepted Jamaica’s invitation to the 49th Regular Meeting of the Conference, which will be held in Montego Bay from July 6 to 8, 2025.

STATEMENTS

The Conference issued the following statements:

Statement on Palestine

Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) continue to call for the release of all hostages and prisoners and unimpeded humanitarian assistance to the people of Gaza.

CARICOM expresses support for the proposal for a permanent cessation of hostilities and a major reconstruction plan for Gaza and calls on all parties to remain committed to a peaceful resolution of the Israel-Hamas conflict through meaningful dialogue and negotiation.

CARICOM reiterates its position that lasting peace between Israel and Palestine that guarantees human rights, the principle of self-determination, human dignity, and citizen security is through a two-state solution that guarantees the right of the people of Israel and Palestine to live in lasting peace and security.

Statement on Cuba

The Forty-Eighth Conference of Heads of Government of the Caribbean Community is gravely concerned with the continuing deterioration of the humanitarian situation in Cuba resulting from the embargo imposed on the people and Government of Cuba by the Government of the United States of America.

The Conference renews its call for the lifting of the unilateral financial, economic, and trade embargo and for Cuba to be immediately removed from the list of State Sponsors of Terrorism.